Synthetic Drugs free essay sample

Designer drugs such as synthetic marijuana and bath salts are becoming popular in the United States by abusers. These particular drugs are chemically produced by man giving similar effects of illegal drugs. The use of these drugs is being looked upon as harmless recreation. Not long ago synthetic marijuana could be purchased at most United States convenience stores. They could be bought via internet or even nearby head shops. Synthetic marijuana has been used in â€Å"hookah bars† for the effects of marijuana. Users believe most designer drugs are legal and getting arrested for possessing legal drugs are unlikely. Although most ingredients are banned in the U. S. , usage is still increasing which is giving negative side effects that people are unaware of. Many people think of Epsom salts as being used to relax in a warm bath when the term â€Å"bath salts† is used. When compared these two have nothing in common. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthetic Drugs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Epsom salts are used for relaxation while the synthetic drug bath salts are used for cocaine like effects. Bath salts are often used in combination with other recreational substances. † (Fire) With the use of these recreational drugs, the affects can be intensified greatly. People don’t realize but this can cause even more harm. People don’t know what is exactly in this man made drugs, adding another toxin can be deadly. Packaged in clear plastic bags or foil and labeled â€Å"not for human consumption†, bath salts were being sold in local stores. Typically it is snorted but can be injected, smoked or even eaten. The most extreme abusers go as far as using them as eye drops. People have experienced feelings of arousal, sociability, increased mental focus, and stimulation in physical energy. Many have hallucinated and done irrational things as well. In most recent news, a man who was high off bath salts attacked a homeless man and began eating his face while naked In the middle of the road. Most people don’t know but when using bath salts confusion, depression, and anxiety also set in along with the hallucinations. Another common synthetic drug being used in the U. S. today is synthetic marijuana. Synthetic marijuana is a new designer drug derived from hybrid herbal/chemical products that stimulate the effects of THC. † (McGuinness) Just like bath salts, this product is not intended for human consumption. Synthetic marijuana comes in a form of dried leaves, these leaves are actually intended to be used as incents. Many people roll it like a joint or use pipes to smoke it. More common names used for synthetic marijuana is K-2, Spice, Genie, an d Skunk. Up until recently you could buy this product in many local gas stations and cigarette outlets. Synthetic marijuana is said to make you feel like you are high off of real marijuana. Many times people are reporting that they have hallucinated, got very paranoid and increased heart rates while smoking this. An 18 year old college freshman tried it and said â€Å"I thought everyone was out to get me and I was afraid. My heart was racing; I thought I was going to have a heart attack. † (McGuinness) This drug is also undetectable in urine tests so it is very popular for people who would like to smoke the real stuff but cannot due to drug testing in either jobs or for legal reasons. Recently synthetic marijuana has been banned. Bath salts and synthetic marijuana have recently been banned in the United States. The products themselves have not been banned for sale in the U. S. , but the ingredients in them have been banned. The only way for the FDA to regulate these types of drugs were to ban the ingredients that are used to create them because they are marketed and labeled not for consumption. They are not able to legally go after the manufacturer because there is no proof that they are making these products with the intentions that they are being used for. President Obama signed into law the FDA Safety and Innovation Act, which contains a provision that makes synthetic drugs like synthetic marijuana and bath salts controlled substance and therefore illegal to sell on store shelves. † (McGuinnes) Obama has made it illegal to sell these products because of the high activity and misuse of these products. Many teenagers were ending up hospitalized or dead due to these synthetic drugs, causing a mini epidemic. If these drugs were still easily available to teens, these rates would have been much higher. These synthetic drugs are drawing a younger crowd and have a negative effect on them. Whether they are doing bath salts or smoking synthetic marijuana or even both, they are putting themselves and others in jeopardy. With high regulations the government was able to put an end to the access to these drugs. When it’s a lot harder to find something, people will have no other option but to quit. Even though most of the ingredients have been banned, we cannot control everything that comes onto the market.

Valence Bond (VB) Theory Definition

Valence Bond (VB) Theory Definition Valence bond (VB) theory is a chemical bonding theory that explains the chemical bonding between two atoms. Like molecular orbital (MO) theory, it explains bonding using principles of quantum mechanics. According to valence bond theory, bonding is caused by the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals. The two atoms share each others unpaired electron to form a filled orbital to form a hybrid orbital and bond together. Sigma and pi bonds are part of valence bond theory. Key Takeaways: Valence Bond (VB) Theory Valence bond theory or VB theory is a theory based on quantum mechanics that explains how chemical bonding works.In valence bond theory, the atomic orbitals of individual atoms are combined to form chemical bonds.The other major theory of chemical bonding is molecular orbital theory or MO theory. Valence bond theory is used to explain how covalent chemical bonds form between several molecules. Theory Valence bond theory predicts covalent bond formation between atoms when they have half-filled valence atomic orbitals, each containing a single unpaired electron. These atomic orbitals overlap, so electrons have the highest probability of being within the bond region. Both atoms then share the single unpaired electrons to form weakly coupled orbitals. The two atomic orbitals do not need to be the same as each other. For example, sigma and pi bonds may overlap. Sigma bonds form when the two shared electrons have orbitals that overlap head-to-head. In contrast, pi bonds form when the orbitals overlap but are parallel to each other. This diagram depicts a sigma bond between two atoms. The red area represents localized electron density. ZooFari  /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license Sigma bonds form between electrons of two s-orbitals because the orbital shape is spherical. Single bonds contain one sigma bond. Double bonds contain a sigma bond and a pi bond. Triple bonds contain a sigma bond and two pi bonds. When chemical bonds form between atoms, the atomic orbitals may be hybrids of sigma and pi bonds. The theory helps explain bond formation in cases where a Lewis structure cant describe real behavior. In this case, several valence bond structures may be used to describe a single Lewis stricture. History Valence bond theory draws from Lewis structures. G.N. Lewis proposed these structures in 1916, based on the idea that two shared bonding electrons formed chemical bonds. Quantum mechanics was applied to describe bonding properties in the Heitler-London theory of 1927. This theory described chemical bond formation between hydrogen atoms in the H2 molecule using Schrà ¶dingers wave equation to merge the wavefunctions of the two hydrogen atoms. In 1928, Linus Pauling combined Lewiss pair bonding idea with the Heitler-London theory to propose valence bond theory. Valence bond theory was developed to describe resonance and orbital hybridization. In 1931, Pauling published a paper on valence bond theory entitled, On the Nature of the Chemical Bond. The first computer programs used to describe chemical bonding used molecular orbital theory, but since the 1980s, principles of valence bond theory have become programmable. Today, the modern versions of these theories are competitive with each other in terms of accurately describing real behavior. Uses Valence bond theory can often explain how covalent bonds form. The diatomic fluorine molecule, F2, is an example. Fluorine atoms form single covalent bonds with each other. The F-F bond results from overlapping pz orbitals, which each contain a single unpaired electron. A similar situation occurs in hydrogen, H2, but the bond lengths and strength are different between H2 and F2 molecules. A covalent bond forms between hydrogen and fluorine in hydrofluoric acid, HF. This bond forms from the overlap of the hydrogen 1s orbital and the fluorine 2pz orbital, which each have an unpaired electron. In HF, both the hydrogen and fluorine atoms share these electrons in a covalent bond. Sources Cooper, David L.; Gerratt, Joseph; Raimondi, Mario (1986). The electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 323 (6090): 699. doi:10.1038/323699a0Messmer, Richard P.; Schultz, Peter A. (1987). The electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 329 (6139): 492. doi:10.1038/329492a0Murrell, J.N.; Kettle, S.F.A.; Tedder, J.M. (1985). The Chemical Bond (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0-471-90759-6.Pauling, Linus (1987). Electronic structure of the benzene molecule. Nature. 325 (6103): 396. doi:10.1038/325396d0Shaik, Sason S.; Phillipe C. Hiberty (2008). A Chemists Guide to Valence Bond Theory. New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-470-03735-5.

Italian Interrogatives (Pronomi Interrogativi)

Italian Interrogatives (Pronomi Interrogativi) In the Italian language, questions beginning with an interrogative word, the subject is usually placed at the end of the sentence. Quando guarda la TV Michele?  (When does Michael watch TV?) Prepositions such as  a, di, con,  and  per  always precede the interrogative  chi. In Italian, a question never ends with a preposition. A chi scrivono?  (To whom are they writing?)Di chi à ¨ questa chiave?  (Whose key is this?)Con chi uscite stasera?  (Who(m) are you going out with tonight?) Che  and  cosa  are abbreviated forms of  che cosa. The forms are interchangeable. Che cosa bevi?  (What are you drinking?)Che dici?  (What are you saying?)Cosa fanno i bambini?  (What are the children doing?) As with all adjectives, the interrogative adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, except for  che, which is invariable. Quali parole ricordi?  (Which words do you remember?)Che libri leggi?  (What books do you read?)Quante ragazze vengono?  (How many girls are coming?) Che cos’à ¨...?  (Che cosa à ¨, cos’à ¨) expresses English  What is...?  in a request for a definition or an explanation. Che cos’à ¨ la semiotica?  (What is semiotics?) Qual à ¨ expresses  What is...?  when the answer involves a choice, or when one requests information such as a name, telephone number, or address. Qual à ¨ la tua materia preferita?  (What’s your favorite subject?)Qual à ¨ il numero di Roberto?  (What is Roberto’s number?) Interrogative Pronouns CHI? Who? Whom? Chi sei? CHE COSA? What? Cosa dici? QUALE? Which (one/s)? Quale giornale vuoi? Interrogative Adjectives CHE? (inv.) What? What kind of? Che macchina ha? QUALE? (pl. QUALI) Which? Quali libri leggete? QUANTO/A/I/E? How much? How many? Quanta pazienza avete? Interrogative Adverbs COME + È?*(inv.) How? Come sta Giancarlo? DOVE + È?* Where? Dov’à ¨ la biblioteca? PERCHÉ? Why? Perchà © non dormono? QUANDO? When? Quando parte Pietro? *Come à ¨ Com’à ¨*Dove à ¨ Dov’à ¨

Researching Tourism and Hospitality Operations Essay

Researching Tourism and Hospitality Operations - Essay Example In 2007, Isadore Sharp sought an exit from this long-term investment, selling the multi-national Four Seasons properties to Kingdom Holding, owned by Al-Waleed bin Talal from Saudi Arabia and Cascade Investments, controlled by the software and technology guru Bill Gates. Upon taking this business private, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts were able to internalise international expansion efforts, redevelop the business model, and restructure financial governance of the business without undo pressures from international investors in the stock market. However, this acquisition of Four Seasons in 2007 came at a time just prior to the global recession occurring between 2008 and 2010, which radically changed the predictability and revenue growth opportunities for this luxury hospitality business. The business’ long-term profitability has been impacted by a series of government-imposed austerity packages in European nations, reforms in the banking sector in Asian and North American cou ntries, and changes to consumer sentiment about luxury travel and tourism and its correlation to their personal finance availability. Hence, the economic and social conditions in the luxury tourism sector suddenly changed, creating a new set of pressures on Four Seasons to sustain its existing business model whilst still considering redevelopment of its long-standing brand to better service the contemporary consumer in the post-20th Century tourism sector. This report examines the macro- and micro-level factors impacting many dimensions of the Four Seasons value chain, its strategic focus for long-term sustainable growth, and marketing in a very saturated and dynamically competitive international hospitality sector. The report further examines the marketing prowess of Four Seasons, the business’ current and long-term operational strategies, and the characteristics of consumer behaviour that impact Four Seasons’ service ideology, and cost structures impacting profitabil ity with this business. 2.0 Macro and Micro Analysis of the Industry To better understand the performance and productivity of the current Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts business model, it is necessary to examine the macro- and micro-level factors that impact sustainability of competitive advantage influenced by industry conditions. 2.1 PESTLE Analysis POLITICAL The influence of political factors for Four Seasons is disparate, due to the dynamics of being a multi-national business with presence in North America, Asia, Europe and Australia. In Asia, the hospitality sector has significant difficulties sustaining hospitality-centric operations without the direct support of government. For instance, in India, the government imposes substantial taxation on luxury hotels, which raises the costs of operations and increases prices along local supply chain networks. It is even difficult to establish strategic alliances or joint ventures with major tourism airline carriers in many Asian count ries where Four Seasons operates, thus impacting co-branding strategy opportunities and the ability to create periodic promotional incentives to entice more consumer interest in bookings due to the government influence and government-imposed costs. However, in some countries, such as Canada (Four Seasons is headquartered in Ontario, Canada) and Europe, governments provide incentives for consumers to engage in shopping with guarantees that they can reclaim the

Supply chain management and SC partnership Essay

Supply chain management and SC partnership - Essay Example He also believed that companies should own and control virtually every aspect of its business. Late 1970's and early 1980's witnessed the development of the manufacturing strategy paradigm. The thinkers of the time argued that a company should devise a focused strategy, creating a focused factory that performs a core activity that the company is best at. Late 1980's saw the development of quality management for setting international quality standards. The International Organization for Standardization created the ISO 9000 certification standards with this purpose in view. Innovations in the process of operations led to the development of Business Process Reengineering in the 1990's. Companies saw the need to become lean in their manufacturing process to remain competitive and BPR aided by helping them eliminate the non-value added steps in their manufacturing process and computerizing the remaining ones to achieve low-cost and higher quality. Then came the Supply chain Management; applying a total system approach to managing the flow from suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers. Internet aided the progression during the late 1990's bringing supply chain management to its current level as an essential element of business activity (Chase, Jacobs and Acquilano, 2004). Supply-chain management (SCM) is a method for integrating a manufacturer's operations with those of all of its suppliers and customers and their intermediaries. SCM seeks to integrate the relationships and operations of several-tier suppliers in meeting necessities such as quantity, delivery and the timely exchange of information (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2004). Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is the discipline of managing the movement of raw materials into an organization and the finished products out of the organization. SCM is an approach that encompasses every process concerned in manufacturing a product, from source to consumption. There has to be a linkage between the suppliers that provide inputs, manufacturing and service support operations that transform the inputs into products and services, and the distribution and local service providers that localize the product (Chase, Jacobs and Acquilano, 2004). This involves building a network that allows a flow of materials, without a break or hitch, throughout the process of production. This flow is fuelled by co-operation, and co-ordination among the diverse channel partners. Supply chain management thrives on improving efficiency and reducing cost of production by focusing on the core competencies of a company. Functions such as procurement of raw materials and distribution of products are outsourced to companies that are better equipped and more cost-efficient to perform them. Strategic planning is necessary to develop a network to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers. Information technology has helped integrate the various components of SCM by building a network that aids in sharing necessary data between all supply chain partners within a system. A company

Netflix SWOT Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

S.W.O.T. Analysis Strengths: ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix provides a subscription-style e-commerce service. Over 95% of customers pay at least $17.99 a month which includes unlimited rentals with up to three titles at a time. A comparably low monthly fee, allows Netflix to lead market share of online DVD rentals while competing with traditional brick and mortar rental stores. Meanwhile, Netflix might keep the customers who try the service and happy with it continue paying the monthly fee. Therefore, Netflix has fewer problems in predicting revenues. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix enjoys lower fixed costs due to the fact that it is an online DVD rental company. As an internet business, Netflix incurs less overhead costs than competitors such as Blockbuster, as well as having fewer employees to operate the physical locations, thus labor costs are greatly reduced. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix gives customers unlimited access to the largest selection of DVD?s. Netflix?s video library consists of over 45,000 titles, making their selection the worlds largest, beating out Blockbuster, Movie Gallery, and Hollywood Video. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With over 35 distribution centers across the United States, Netflix has the fastest delivery time of any online DVD rental company. Through the use of the United States Postal Service over 90% of DVD?s are received by customers within one day of ordering. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix?s easy to use website allows customers to browse the video library by category such as action, romance, drama (sixteen total categories) or by using a comprehensive internal search of the library. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses the technology of Cinematch to give customers even better service. Cinematch studies past selections made by members, and begins to recommend titles that would likely be enjoyed by the customer based on previous selections. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charging a monthly fee for unlimited rentals, Netflix eliminates due dates and late fees, as well as eliminating the long lines of a brick and mortar store. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix uses their great customer service to keep customers happy which intern keeps customers from canceling there subscription to the service. If there is a problem that arises during the rental process such as a damaged DVD, or lost DVD during the shipping process, Netflix addresses the problem immediately, and never charges the customer for the problem. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netflix was the first company to offer DVD renta... ...fering similar services, either directly or as a partnership with another organization.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerging competition from digital cable and satellite companies that offer movies on demand. Time Warner digital cable offers video on demand library consisting of a few hundred selections and growing. Users can purchase a movie with the touch of a button for about $4.00. Customers have access to the movie for up to 24hours. Many video on demand services are now offering technologies that allow users to pause, fast forward and rewind the movies they purchase. Though the selection offered by cable companies is extremely small in comparison to Netflix, it will only be a matter of time before the number of selections will increase drastically.  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a large number of substitute products. Netflix is in the business of providing personal entertainment at an affordable cost. Since any other form of entertainment is considered a substitute, Netflix?s industry is in direct competition with all other forms of entertainment, whether it be reading, physical exercise, regular television, etc. If trends in popular culture move away from those related to movies, revenues may be affected.

The Symbolic Use of Nature in the Romantic Period

LITR 211 English Literature 18th Century to the Present Week 6 January 15, 2012 Essay #1 â€Å"The symbolic use of nature in the Romantic Period† Olejniczak, Brian #4029035 The Romantic period has very little to do with its actual name. Rather, the authors of this period used descriptive imagery and extensively referenced nature because the use of nature is symbolic. There are many authors of the Romantic period that illustrate this point. Instead of embracing the political lifestyle of the period like other era authors did, the Romantics turned to nature for inspiration. Romantics turned to nature for self fulfillment. They were turning away from the values and ideas of the previous era, embracing new ways of expressing their imagination and feelings. Instead of a concentration on ‘head,’ the intellectual focus of reason, they preferred to rely on the self, in the radical idea of individual freedom. Instead of striving for perfection, the Romantics preferred â₠¬Ëœthe glory of the imperfect. ’† (Lombardi 2012. ) The Romantic author’s stressed the importance of the individual and boldness over the ideals of the coming Victorian age’s ideals of loyalty and fraternity. The onset of the Romantic period is said to have begun with the writings of William Wordsworth with such works as â€Å"Lines written in early spring† and â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud. † In Wordsworth’s ‘Lines Written In Early Spring’ he states â€Å"To her fair works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my heart to think What man has made of man. † (Wordsworth Line 5-8. ) Here you can clearly see Wordsworth’s use of nature and how it affects the human soul. In this poem the speaker is sitting in a very lush meadow that is graphically described with such words like â€Å"sweet† and â€Å"budding twigs. † Wordsworth is very elaborate in his description of the meadow in which he is sitting in. Wordsworth looks at Nature and through his views sad thoughts come to his mind. Here he expresses his conviction in that knowledge of reality is reached through emotions and intuitions that Nature generates at being observed by man. Being Nature the real representation of reality and godliness as well. Through primrose tufts, in that green bower The periwinkle trailed its wreaths And ‘tis my faith that every flower Enjoys the air it breaths. † (Wordsworth Line 9-12) In lines nine through twelve, he observes nature at its peak, in all its splendor and beauty. He tells about its dynamic development when he describes how the periwinkle trains its branches through the grass. He also displays his implication in this development o f natural events expressing his desire for the flowers to rejoice at their existence. Wordsworth’s poems initiated the Romantic era by emphasizing feeling, instinct, and pleasure above formality and mannerism. Lombardi, Esther (2012). Ask. com: Romantic Period: Where did it all begin? Retrieved on January 12, 2012 from http://classiclit. about. com/od/britishromantics/a/aa_britromantic. htm Wordsworth, William. Editor Bartleby Bookstore. â€Å"Lines Written In Early Spring† Retrieved on January 13, 2012 from http://www. bartleby. com/145/ww130. html