Fosdick Case Study Essay

1.How should Fosdick respond to the immediate situation? Fosdick should respond to the immediate situation by contacting Robert Easter letting him known the situation and asking how he would like to handle the situation. 2.What controls, of the types discussed in this chapter, might have been used by Red Spot Markets to reduce or eliminate the problems discussed in the case? Red Spot can have the products to continuously move through the process to reduce or eliminate the problems discussed in this case. If the packages are continuously moving through the process the package will not be sitting and the employees chances will be lessen for theft. 3.What longer-range steps should Fosdick take to control the operations of the Providence distribution center? Fosdick should try revamping the inventory control process by changing the process so the packages can continuously move in and out. He should also restructure the employee shifts and lunch schedules so there will be continuous operations throughout the day. 4.What longer-range steps should Fosdick take to improve the Providence distribution center’s productivity? Long Range Steps: †¢Implement a reward system that will provide the employees with a bonus (financial or time) to push more packages through the system †¢ Implement modern technology to gage and monitor employee performance by utilizing handheld devices †¢Replacing current employees 5.What longer-range steps can Fosdick take to reduce the distribution center’s high rate of shrinkage? Reduce shrinkage †¢Provide employees with a safe and secure way to report employee theft where they are able to remain anonymous. †¢Placing a severe penalty program in place for theft or even attempted theft †¢RFID tags †¢Placing items up high that must remain in the warehouse overnight and locking the forklifts making the merchandise not easily accessible for pilfering. †¢Placing seals on the merchandise and having each handler inspect the seal and document the status of the seal as it passes through each handler. 6.Assume that Fosdick decides that the practice of free lunches from the opened cases of goods must be stopped. Develop and present the arguments he should give in a meeting with the union shop steward. I have noticed the employees are opening some of the boxes and taking items to make their lunch. I do not believe this is in the best interest of the company and it is considered pilfering. I assume these employees have been doing this for quite some time since when I stumbled upon what they were doing, the remark I received was â€Å"this was a non-contract fringe benefit†. This should not be the case since this is a loss in inventory within the company. I believe there are other ways to compensate employees and this is not one of the ways. 7.(This is a continuation of Question 6.) Assume, instead, that you are the union shop steward. Develop and present your argument that the free lunches represent a long- standing employee benefit enjoyed by the distribution center’s employees and that management’s attempt to stop them is a breach of an unwritten contract and will be resisted. Mr. Fosdick, we understand your sincere concern for company productivity and success; however, we are unable to do anything about your request at this time. We allow our employees to free lunches on the company as it represents long term employee benefits and stopping them will be a breach of an unwritten contract and will be resisted. This is one of the small things we allow to occur as it leads to happy employees and good productivity. 8.Much of the situation described in the case seems to evolve around the personality of T. D. Bigelow. How should he be treated? Why? T.D Bigelow should be handled according to company policy. He should understand his role and operate in his role toward company success. This should be done as an example to the other employees since they are watching and will follow what they believe one person is allowed to do.

Parallels between Gilgamesh and Genesis Essay

I. Introduction: Today, we are often bombarded with various inventions and discoveries coming from different parts of the world. But it is with great amazement when we look upon the advancement made by an ancient civilization that has come to be acknowledged as the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia, at a time when most of its neighboring people-group was pursuing a nomadic life. Not only have they revolutionized human society through its invention of the wheel, writing too, must have originated in this place as shown by the Epic of Gilgamesh. Ancient as it is, being one of the world’s earliest-known epic poetry (â€Å"Epic†) taken from Sumeria and which the Babylonians developed into a long poem, it is undoubtedly beautiful; and ancient as it may be, high respect should be given   to it as one of the literary masterpieces of mankind. Genesis on the other hand, is the first book of the Bible. Genesis is the Greek word for â€Å"beginning† or â€Å"origin†, and is a Greek translation derived from the Hebrew b’reshith meaning â€Å"in the beginning†, the first word in the Old Testament. II. Meaning and Importance A. Epic of Gilgamesh At the outset, as one reads through the poem, it would readily display the glorification of the central figure, the historical warlike king of Uruk —Gilgamesh. All throughout the poem, the reader is led through his many exploits and achievements of Gilgamesh that gives the over-all impression of a constancy of battle-like stance. This I would not find surprising since this people’s land was always subjected to crisis such as the threat of invasion or the flooding of the rivers. As to the story, it relates much on how he has overcome every opponent, obstacles, and almost everything he had set out to do. Such achievements were made possible and justifiable as the narrative describes the super-human nature of the lead figure — being two-thirds divine and one-third human. How Gilgamesh emerges as a conqueror comprises the first part of the story. It would seem that the author wants to establish the fact that all the hopes and aspirations of its people are embodied in Gilgamesh. The first part shows and proves that whatever man could aspire to achieve or be has been done by the superhuman Gilgamesh. The second part directs the story towards the king’s bid for immortality through his quest for the immortalized Uta-Napishtim. Structurally speaking, these two parts (which would almost appear as unrelated) divides the story. Both would seem to take the reader into two different directions, driving down two different points. The death of Enkidu serves as the turning point that separates the two parts. What serves for continuity for the narrative are the inherent traits of Gilgamesh’s character — his fearlessness and obstinacy to be undaunted by obstacles. What is also a unique trait of the account of Gilgamesh is that the reading of the story is through a transcription of an oral story-telling, which the narrator in the story also revealed as a transcribed oral story of ancient times. Just as Gilgamesh was described as half-human and half-divine, so is the overall nature of the story. The narrator convinces its listeners and readers alike of the real existence of the king. However, its way of convincing is ironic since it proves the authenticity of its story through the existence of the very walls of the city of Uruk which we, present-day readers would find nowhere but in the walls of our imagination (â€Å"Assro-Babylonian Mythology: Gilgamesh†). The epic serves not only as a literary feat for early civilization; it also bears the identity of the early settlers of the Tigris-Euphrates area. However, its relevance supersedes its cultural identity. This ancient story connects its people with us and all of humanity as they ponder the same question which afflicts all men — death, the destiny of every man. It also attempts to answer whether any mortal man could possibly escape it and also the mystery of what lies ahead after death. In finding the answer and conclusion to these questions lies the significance of the two parts of the story. As mentioned, the first part is given to prove the semi god-like abilities of Gilgamesh. If he then, who bears such qualities failed in his bid for immortality, as shown on the second part, how much more for ordinary mortals? The narrative convinces its hearers or readers of the inevitability of death and must resign oneself of this fact. The most that man can do is to be fearless in facing it, the way Gilgamesh triumphantly faced death together with Enkidu in the great Cedar Forest. However, its main conclusion is: that man is powerless to escape it. B. Genesis Genesis originated as part of a larger literary unit that was only later broken up into books. That larger unit is the religious history of ancient Israel, usually called the Pentateuch. In it were traced Israel’s origins from its chief formative experiences down to its settlement in the land of Palestine. Also incorporated into the narrative were law codes formulated at various times in Israelite history. The entire complex came to be ascribed to Israel’s founder and first lawgiver, Moses. This position has been modified as a result of modern Biblical scholarship. Genesis is a logical division of the original text of the Pentateuch. It represents a twofold introduction to the story of Israel’s formation as a â€Å"covenant people†Ã¢â‚¬â€God’s chosen people. The patriarchal history comprises cycles of stories relating to three major figures of the pre Israelite past, namely Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, together with supplementary traditions about other ancestors who were of secondary interest. After an introductory genealogy there appears first the story of Abraham and Isaac. Included is a fragmentary history, possibly of Moabite origin, of Lot, the ancestor of the Moabites and Ammonites, who were related to the Israelites. There is also the history of Ishmael, who is regarded as the ancestor of the Arab peoples. The second major cycle is that of Isaac and Jacob. This cycle also contains supplementary material, some of the Edomites origins, relating to Esau, ancestor of the Edomites. Finally, there is the extensive and distinctive story of Joseph, the major intrusions into which are a variant history of Judah in chapter 38 and the â€Å"blessings† of the Israelite tribes in Chapter 49. Chapter 1 tells of God’s act of creation. Chapters 2-11 record human history from Adam to Abraham and describe the Garden of Eden, the Tower of Babel, and the Flood. The connecting link between all these parts of Genesis as well as between it and the other books of the Pentateuch, which it introduces, is a concept of divine intervention in man’s history. This concept has been given the name Heitsgeschichte, â€Å"salvation history†. Israel believed itself to be the product of a history in which it had encountered a God who had made it His Covenant people. The great events of this history are traced—the Exodus from Egypt; the experiences of the Red Sea, of Sinai, and of Kadesh, where Israel waited outside the Promised Land; and the occupation of the Promised Land. All these reveal a God of mercy and kindness, though also of justice and retribution, a God who had chosen Israel out of simple, gratuitous love. This historical perspective was imposed in Genesis both on the patriarchal legends that had been derived from Palestine and on the mixed Mesopotamian- Palestinian myths and sagas from which the book’s first chapters are constructed. Thus in Genesis, Creation is seen no longer as mere myth, that is, as a religious conviction visualized in narrative. It is instead, the first in a series of God’s saving acts, by which he had brought forth an ordered universe out of primordial formlessness. Man was placed in that world as God’s image and likeness, to be its ruler. But men improved unequal to the task. His wilfulness set him in opposition to God and introduced disorder into the world. After this followed murder and the hatred of man for man, for example, Cain and Abel, Lamech and the Cainites, even cosmic disorder, which the story of the sons of God and the daughters of men attempts to, explain. The Flood is understood in Genesis as both divine retribution and mercy: it brought an end to an evil generation, but a faithful remnant was preserved in the person of the righteous Noah and those who were saved for his sake. III. Gilgamesh and the Flood in the Bible The epic makes mention of the Flood in reference with one of the oldest books of the Bible. Similarities of the two accounts were the flood, the gigantic boat, and the fact that animals and living creatures were made to come aboard along with the one human family who entered the boat. There are major disparities though as to the recounting of the event. In the account of the Bible, the coming of the Great Flood in Noah’s days was not held as a secret before men, whereas in the story of Gilgamesh, the gods have intended to have it kept as a secret. Noah was even commanded by God to preach and warn the people of its coming (as a sign of His mercy) while he builds the ark. The people however, did not listen and even taunted Noah. Such reactions may have been likely since many Bible scholars believe that prior to this incident, rain had not yet fallen on the earth. In the Bible account, the door of the ark was supernaturally closed and opened by God alone. Noah had no power or aut hority over it. In Gilgamesh’s, the sealing of the door bears no spiritual meaning. Noah’s God and the gods in Gilgamesh were shown to have deeply regretted the sending of the flood that has wiped out humanity expect for those inside the great boat. One of the gods in the epic was displeased at first with the survivors, while the God of Noah readily blessed them. IV. Conclusion The work unfolds before us the thoughts and intents of the Sumerians and the rest of the Mesopotamians. Like the rest of most societies, they give enormous significance to fame and wealth. Fearlessness is held as a great virtue, born out perhaps of their constant living in fear of antagonizing their gods who they believed caused them all their troubles. Although Mesopotamians have achieved much, they did hold a pessimistic view. Life, it seemed for them, was a constant struggle a struggle against the forces of nature and the caprices of their gods. Towards the end of the story, even the endeavors of men would come to nothing as he comes to the end of his life. â€Å"Eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we shall die† would have been the guiding principle of Mesopotamians. Perhaps so, since one historian had noted that over forty percent of their grain production was used to make beer. Although we discuss this epic as an ancient story, the quest for the answers about life and death still continuous to haunt several people even to this present-day. Above all, however, Biblical critics of the 20th century are willing to measure Genesis by historical standards other than those of the 19th century. By those standards Genesis was condemned or defended in the time of the â€Å"Babel and Bible† controversy. That dispute developed when the Sumerian and Akkadian literatures of ancient Mesopotamia were discovered and deciphered in the 19th century. The conclusion was easily drawn that the message of Genesis was of no more relevance to the history of religions than the myths of Babylonia, whatever might be the other values of the book. But the 20th century idea of history is more attuned to that which inspired the authors of Genesis. This view recognizes that recording specific facts and dares is not the, real object of history writing. Rather, the aim is to discover and portray realities that challenge human experience and demand an accounting. By the criteria of historicism Moses can hardly said to have existed; yet Israel itsel f is the historical witness of Moses. Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh are two great books that could inspire people when they read it. The facts and information’s are somewhat intertwined in some ways. These two books should be treasured and cherished especially by those who want to know the history of our forefathers, their fall and how they were saved by a mighty Creator.

Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Portfolio - Assignment Example While such competition among scheduled airlines and low cost carriers (LCCs) is rather indirect, the travel preferences of passengers are what matters at the end. The global financial meltdown changed people's travel habits as they looked for cheaper alternatives to their previous destinations. Have the needs of travelers diverged or changed dramatically? Do they prefer cheaper prices or comfort and good service during the flight? Today it becomes vitally important to understand the consumers’ needs, requirements and expectations from the contemporary air travel services, which should become an integral part of airlines’ future strategies. UK Airline Industry Overview Recently all UK carriers, including LCCs, experience the increasing competitive threats, including potential to depress onboard loads and dilute yields, continuous and increasing pressure to reduce unit costs, need to maximize aircraft utilization, and all magnified by the global economic crisis. Though, a t the same time opportunities for UK airlines include potential traffic stimulation, new markets and route access, new partnerships, and new business models. According to the research by White and Crasta (2010), there are four main purchase criteria of travelers while buying airplane tickets, including price of the ticket, convenient flight times, distance of the airport used by the airline, and brand of the airline. While all four criteria are important for travelers, the price occurred to be the most important factor among 80% of respondents while the rest 20% care more about brand name of the airline and convenient flight times. Throughout the world, British Airways is recognized as the leader in the service industry and as one of the companies which internal and external practices proved high quality service for the clients and care about the employees. Being the largest international scheduled airline of the United Kingdom, British Airways provides flights to more than 550 dest inations at the most convenient times for its customers. Charts 1 and 2 in the Appendix show international versus domestic capacity share and international capacity of British Airways by region in 2011 accordingly. Macro Environmental Analysis PESTLE analysis described below will help to analyze the macro environment of the UK airline industry, including such factors as political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. Political Factors The current political environment in the United Kingdom is supportive to aircraft services providing loans and funds toward different social and environment projects and programs. Traditionally, many UK companies are based on trade unions, which recently increased their pressure inspiring employees’ strikes. Financial Times informed that 78.5% of BA employees voted for walkouts and strike ballots supported by trade unions as the result of news about merger between BA and Spanish airline Iberia (Groom, 2011). UK government tu rned their main attention toward the security issues of airplanes as the result of several accidents, which will increase the

Lecture review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lecture review - Essay Example He was determined to be someone who would help develop the society (Perdue). Dr. James studied hard to become a teacher and coach. The disability did not prevent him from performing his duties because he received the award of the best teacher of the week at the Fox 17 awards. He also became the top teacher during the 2002. He showed great ambition and demonstrated that one should not give up their goals when he received his doctorate degree from Tennessee State University. He still held on to his passion, and this awarded him with the title Coach of the Year for both the years 2000 and 2006. Receiving the Dr. Ramer Award in 1991, and Jo Andrews in 1995 showed that he was able to set aside all challenges and adversities in order to succeed both as a teacher and as a coach. Narrating his life experiences made one realize the scope of the challenges that existed in the world. That all people, in one way or another, faced challenges, but they should not be a reason to back down (Perdue). Dr. James Perdue was very clear about his mission in the society. He would help others in passing through strategies so that they would emerge as survivors of the tragedy. He was very specific that it is everyone’s responsibility to help each other in times of tragedy, and even before it occurs. We should be a source of encouragement and motivation, hence acting as pillars that support the hurting (Perdue). We, who pass through the struggles of life, should find the strength of passing through all the tragedies. This enabled me to realize that as much as our friends are there to support us; we ought to encourage ourselves and uplift our spirits because today’s tragedies should not affect our tomorrow. We, therefore, ought to live each day to our fullest. We should hold on to the hope and the determination that we can beat all odds whatever the tragedy may be, or whenever it may strike (Perdue). Passion should, therefore, be our driving force through the tragic

Organisational Culture, Artifacts, role of Artifacts in Organisational Research Paper

Organisational Culture, Artifacts, role of Artifacts in Organisational Change and S.M.A.R.T Objectives - Research Paper Example In essence, organizational culture refers to the â€Å"pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved problems that have worked well enough to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems† (Willcoxson & Millet 2000). Culture is not a distinguishable aspect of an organization. Organizational culture is a principal set of beliefs and values coherent among leaders in steering the organization, and interpreted by the employees and managers into proper conducts and armored through incentives and permits. Organizational cultures are formed and transformed over time. Needless to say, there is a broad correspondence among authors and scholars on how the organizational culture reacts to and replicates industry attributes and community traits held by the organization employees. Moreover, it also typifies the traits and values of its leaders or founders (Gordon, 1991). Schein denotes that organizational culture is both defined and epitomized by â€Å"group strictures and prescriptive criteria and that provide the basis for allocating status, power, rewards, authority and respect†. Culture defines â€Å"what a group pays attention to and monitors in the external environment and how it responds to its environment† (Brown, 1995). ... In reference to Kelly (2008), â€Å"Organizational culture is the essence of organizations defining what’s grave and setting the standards by which to measure success†. The health care and public health systems in United States have had a recurring trend and an emergent culture. Over decades, there has been limited diversity in leadership, with women given little opportunities to hold executive positions. In addition, there has been an existent disparity in salaries between women and men in the health care and public health systems (Lantz, 2008). Cultural Artifacts Across the world, cultures formulate tangible and intangible artifacts that typify their culture. Willcoxson & Millet (2000) define artifacts as the â€Å"visible structure and practices, such as policies and procedures, which can be monitored and changed if necessary†. Artifacts include observable symbols and signs, physical structures, language, ceremonies and stories. In reference to Willcoxson & Mi llet (2000), â€Å"artifacts provide the lasting glue that holds the organization together and provides an anchoring point to ground the organization†. In the United States health care and public health system, gender inequality is an impending artifact. Role of Artifacts in organizational change In reference to Kelly (2008), changing organizational culture to maintain the organization’s feasibility can be extremely â€Å"challenging unless grounded on sound logic†. Organizational change involves alteration of the artifacts. Artifacts can be used in changing the organizational culture. In the process of organizational culture change, comprehension of cultural artifacts is critical. Artifacts should be adapted to support changes in the organization culture. Needless

Global food issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global food issue - Research Paper Example ad cow disease, H5N1, H7N9, Norovirus Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, among many others (â€Å"Avian Influenza†; â€Å"Foodborne Illness†; â€Å"Questions and Answers†). Kuchenmà ¼ller et al. supported the World Health Organization (WHO) Initiative of understanding the morbidity and mortality effects of international foodborne diseases and they noted that the latter have become an increasing global burden because of the complexity of understanding their concepts (i.e. concepts of food safety and risk assessment of biological hazards), causes, and pathways and finding appropriate immediate and long-term solutions. The paper defines food safety and risk management of food safety, identifies problems in the monitoring and determination of problem-response paths of the national and global food system, proposes solutions to improve it, and handles objections to the solutions. The current weaknesses in national autho rity and lack of multilateral agreements and effective international mechanisms that ensure and respond to issues of global food safety endanger consumers who access the global food system, so these agreements and improvements in international and national capacities are fundamental to increasing food safety. There is no single definition of food safety, even among international healthcare organizations that deal with it, so it is important to define it to identify emerging issues connected to it and to find different measures and strategies in managing it in the global food supply chain system. International and national healthcare organizations do not offer an exact definition of food safety, although they underscore its importance to the health and the integrity of the international food system (â€Å"Foodborne Illness†; â€Å"Questions and Answers†). Food safety, as a concept, is generally connected to food quality and security. In particular, it includes â€Å"the conditions and practices that preserve the

Gay; To Be or Not To Be Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay; To Be or Not To Be - Essay Example ut existence throughout my life – I knew that I wanted to keep on existing, and suicide was not something that crossed my mind overly much (no more than any other person who has lived through teenage years, probably). For me the question centered on my sexuality. Who am I? I asked myself, and what am I doing? Am I gay? These are questions that troubled me for much of my growth, and I spent a great portion of my development denying who I was. To be gay, or not to be gay, I asked myself, without even realizing that the question in being asked was probably answered. It is not like I was a child of the fifties or sixties, growing up in a time when being gay was the greatest sin one could ever imagine. By the time I had graduated high school it was the late eighties, and gay rights activists were already marching down streets in San Francisco and New York, academics were discussing a new Queer politic that was emerging, and gay people everywhere were being told â€Å"come out, you have nothing to fear.† But the problem is that this conception of being gay and coming out, that you know it internally but choose to hide it from society, is not something that actually happens very often. Before even having the option of â€Å"coming out† to friends and relatives, you have to have a great internal dialogue with yourself, and find out who you are. Doing this alone in your teens is not an easy thing, not by a long shot. I remember the first time I had an inkling that I might not be like everyone else (or at least, how I thought everyone else was – looking back now I’m sure I knew many closeted gay people growing up.) I was just entering the ninth grade, a time when many people are first learning about their sexuality, and I looked across my homeroom classroom at a close friend who was sitting their, wearing spaghetti straps (I had a somewhat lenient school) and cleavage somewhat exposed. Now this was someone who I had known for almost my entire life, and a

Why immigrants are successful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why immigrants are successful - Essay Example Along with many countries of the world, United States has also undergone the effects of immigration. According to statistics, during the 17th and 18th centuries, few people have migrated to U.S. but this trend gradually accelerated after 1820s; however, last two decades have seen whopping migration to U.S. because the government is permitting the foreigners to work legally (Edmonston, pp. 35-75). The current scenario reflects that immigrants prove to be more successful than the U.S. citizens are. A faction of American population has a wrong impression that their government is supporting and funding the immigrants as a part of their business strategy. However, some schools of thought believe that the present status of the immigrants is solely due to their sincere hard work. It is enlightened in the following arguments. In the view point of U.S. citizens, immigrants are creating economic decline, as they do not pay taxes when compared to the facilities and benefits they acquire from th e social services. Whereas the findings of numerous researches prove that these immigrants have boosted the economy to unprecedented levels as they are high-skilled workers who are willing to work at a lower wage and works more efficiently as compared to the citizens. Moreover, it results in cheaper and better production of goods with promising profits. Though immigrants compete with the local people for low-proficiency jobs, they even sometimes get an edge on the locals through their expertise in the areas that is non-existent in a particular locality (Fairchild, pp. 237-267). American natives live such a lifestyle that they do everything according to their wishes and desires. Their upbringing is in a much-pampered way that makes them simply unaware of the meaning of struggle in life. On the other hand, immigrants such as Asians, Africans, Arabs, and Israelis come from a third world background where their entire lives had gone through economical and financial hardships, therefore, the only thing that they desire to have is money for which they migrate to U.S. where they find a gold mine waiting to be struck. As a result, their primary focus is to earn money so that they can provide their family with comfort and high-standards of living, and afford quality education for their children. Therefore, happiness for oneself becomes the last priority for any immigrant (Pratt Fairchild, pp. 237-267). It is a fact that U.S denizens have confined themselves to a shorter period of working time that is approximately 8 hours per day or 40 hours a week. Whereas, the immigrants work for a prolong duration of time that can reach up to 70-80 hours a week. Investors see a reliable scope in investing on the immigrants, as they do not fear hard work and if they receive a share in profit, they would be willing to work even harder. Immigrants realize the importance of money as they earn it by sweat of the brow. Therefore, their spending behavior is unlike the U.S. citizens. They do not believe in redundant spending on luxury. In fact, they are prudent in spending money, purchase only necessary goods, and save the rest for the rainy days. Their eventual goal is to save money as much as possible for which they look for entities that are on sale (Chiswick, pp. 28-97). Education has an utmost importance in an individual’s life as it makes an individual competent and capable of earning respectable amount of money. The immigrants always welcome education when their work demands, regardless of their age. The extensive market researches have clearly stated that the immigrants whether Asians or

Multiple Intelligence Theory Essay Example for Free

Multiple Intelligence Theory Essay Many students choose to attend APUS because the University fosters differing educational styles and empowers the students through education. The Student Handbook states, â€Å"The University System fosters an environment that promotes a life of learning for its constituents and uses feedback from its participants and supporters to improve the quality of its teaching, learning, and support†¦ The University System anticipates and adapts to its changing environment and responds to the needs of the organization and its constituencies in manners both appropriate and timely. † In the beginning of College 100, students are introduced to the different learning styles and the theory of multiple intelligences. By becoming familiar with other students learning styles and exploring the multiple intelligences students became more tolerant towards others and were able to strengthen their learning power. Being familiar with multiple intelligence theory, knowing the different learning styles, utilizing appropriate classroom methods, and exploring the interdisciplinary classroom will empower students towards a lifetime of learning. Recognizing the multiple intelligence theory is the first step in capturing the different learning styles. â€Å"Howard Gardners multiple intelligence theory (Gardner, 1993) proposes the idea that we all have various levels of intelligence across a range of intellectual areas† (Pritchard, 2008). The concept that people learn in different ways, and perceive and learn by different methods is what makes up the theory of multiple intelligences. There are at least nine different intelligences in which people display in varying ways (Pritchard, 2008). The styles are as follows: linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial/visual, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential (Pritchard, 2008). Student’s particular academic strengths have a direct impact on how effective their learning will be for their overall education. When applying multiple intelligences to the classroom, it is very important to cater to all the types of learning styles. When discussing learning styles in the forums of College 100, every student had a different way of learning that especially worked for them. If every single assignment or activity in a classroom is slanted towards visual learning, then the students who are auditory or kinesthetic learners will be at a serious disadvantage. These students will not be able to express themselves or be able to conform to the teaching style if their learning needs are not met. â€Å"In planning for multiple intelligences, teachers consider the range of activities related to the content of the lesson and the intended learning outcomes will give a range of opportunities to the children’s different intelligence strengths† (Pritchard, 2008). It is very important for a teacher to introduce a range of activities and presentations in order to make the most out of multiple intelligences. A learning style is reflected by a students preferred method of learning, which is a direct result of their type of intelligence. It is irresponsible for a teacher to assume that all of their students will learn in the same manner. The four main styles of learning are visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and extrovert. Every style has strengths and weaknesses. It is crucial in the educational environment to exploit the student’s strengths and protect the weaknesses. A student’s self-worth and esteem can be very much tied up with their learning capability. Teachers must exhibit a range of teaching styles, so that their students learning styles will be compatible. â€Å"Diverse personalities impact relationships, motivation, and ease of learning in classroom and work environments. Where there are diverse personalities within groups, people generally prefer and choose to be with others who are similar to themselves; individuals may even dislike those who have different attitudes and behaviors from their own† (Richardson Arker, 2010). What Richardson and Arker are implying is that people of different personalities and learning styles tend to stick in the same groups. It would be to the benefit of everyone if individuals of different personalities and persuasions were put together in one group, that way the group will be more powerful and will benefit greatly from the input of everybody. A truly good teacher will ensure that they have designed their curriculum in such a way so that students learning needs are met. Classroom arrangements can be made so that individuals of similar temperaments are brought together in what is called compatibility scheduling. This arrangement will enhance the overall productivity of students as well as teachers† (Richard son Arker, 2010). As multiple intelligence theory has developed, advances in classroom methods have also been made. There are at least three different methods that combine multiple intelligence theory with learning styles in order to better the classroom environment. â€Å"Brain-based education supports the need to differentiate instruction† (Richardson Arker, 2010). Some studies in brain research have shown that there is such a thing as a left-brain and a right-brain. People can be left or right brain dominate, which largely determines the individuals learning style. â€Å"Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which student’s team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004). This type of classroom learning will serve to help the entire group. The students and teachers will be able to pick out the roles that suit them best, thus serving the group to the best of their ability. Another method that is similar to collaborative learning is cooperative learning. In cooperative learning, â€Å"Students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004). Cooperative learning is becoming a very popular method. It uses individuals best qualities for the betterment of the group. By using these methods in the classroom learning becomes an active process and engages all types of learning styles. The Western world has divided education into blocks, and then further divided the blocks into disciplines. While convenient on paper, it is clear that education and disciplines overlap, the world is a fluid place. Interdisciplinary education is an approach that blends different disciplines and utilizes multiple intelligence theory and varying learning styles. â€Å"The exponential growth of knowledge in the twentieth century revealed how disciplinary cultures and perspectives could discourage inquiries and explanations that spanned disciplinary boundaries. Disciplines, it now seems clear, are powerful but constraining ways of knowing† (Lattuca, 2001). By breaking down the walls of the disciplines, students are empowered to use their differing learning styles. This will result in students having positive experiences with education. Students will then seek out a lifetime of learning, and encourage other to seek knowledge. Recognizing the theory of multiple intelligences and defining each student’s learning style will lead to success in education. By utilizing methods such as brain-based learning, cooperative learning, and collaborative learning teachers can empower students by giving them the educational method that works best for each individual. Combining all of these aspects yields the concept of interdisciplinary learning, leading to a lifetime of successful education, teaching, and learning. References Concept to Classroom: Course Menu. (2004). THIRTEEN New York Public Media. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/index.html Lattuca, L. R. (2001). Creating interdisciplinarity: Interdisciplinary research and teaching among college and university faculty. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Pritchard, A. (2008). Ways of Learning [electronic resource]: Learning Theories and Learning Styles in the Classroom. Hoboken, NJ: David Fulton Publishers. Richardson, R., Arker, E. (2010). Personalities in the Classroom: Making the Most of Them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 46(2), 76-81.

Major Differencies Between Eastern Essay Example for Free

Major Differencies Between Eastern Essay Western philosophy has its roots in Athens, Rome and Judeo ­Christianity while Eastern philosophy is derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism. As Greek and Latin are to Western civilisation, so classical Chinese is to East Asian civilisation. I will focus on four major differences between Eastern and Western philosophies. 1. Western Individualism and Eastern Collectivism In the Greco? Roman tradition, the image of Prometheus powerfully illustrates the struggle for individual freedom. Prometheus had gone against Zeus, the all powerful god who ruled the sky from Mt. Olympus. Prometheus annoyed Zeus by creating human beings. To protect the human beings from Zeus, he stole fire from Hephaestos, the blackmith god and gave it to the human beings. This angered Zeus to the extent that Prometheus was chained to a rock and an eagle tore out his liver. In European consciousness, Prometheus had become the hero who: defied the patriarchy in the name of individual freedom, who brought light into our darkness. He was the saviour who sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, the benefactor who brought the gift of technology down from heaven, the teacher who taught us that we are not at the whims of the gods any more, who showed us how to use our intelligence to take control of the world. The Christian tradition has also reinforced the notion of individual rights. The Bible speaks of God creating Man in His own image and letting him have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle and over all the earth, and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth (Genesis 1:26). By comparison, the Chinese live in a world of obligations: obligations to serve the ruler, obligations to work for the family, obligations to obey elders, obligations to help relatives, obligations to do well to glorify the name of ancestors, obligations to defend the country in times of trouble, and obligations to oneself to cultivate ones own virtue. It would also seem that rights only belong to one individual ? the Son of Heaven. Confucianism promotes conservatism and this stifles creativity and robs the people of self? introspection. 2. Fragmentary and Holistic According to Fritjof Capra, the emphasis of rational thought is epitomised in Descartes celebrated statement,Cognito, ergo sum ? I think, therefore, I exist. This has forcefully encouraged Westerners to equate their identity with their rational mind rather than with the whole organism. This division between the mind and the body has led to a view of the universe as a mechanical system consisting of separate objects, which in turn were reduced to fundamental building blocks whose properties and interactions were thought to completely determine all natural phenomena. This mechanistic conception of the whole world is still the basis of most of our sciences and continues to have a tremendous influence on our lives. Academic disciplines become fragmented and this has served as a rationale for treating the universe as if it consisted of separate parts to be exploited by different groups. The essence of the Eastern world view is the awareness of the unity and the mutual inter? relation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestation of a basic oneness. All things are seen as independent and inseparable parts of a cosmic whole, as different manifestations of the same ultimate reality. The Eastern traditions refer to this ultimate, indivisible reality as Brahman in Hinduism, Dharmakaya in Buddhism and Tao in Taoism. 3. Conflict and Harmony The Marxist view of history saw change as arising from a dialectic interplay of opposites ? hence class struggle and conflict. Western civilisation based itself on the struggle between the Good and Evil, God and Satan or Psyche and Cupid. Eastern philosophical thought is based on this notion of the Yin and the Yang. Frithjof Capra describes the Yang as the strong,male creative power associated with Heaven while yin is the dark,receptive, female and maternal element. The dark yin and the bright yang are arranged in a symmetrical manner. They are dynamic ? a rotating symmetry suggesting very forcefully a continuous cyclic movement. The two dots in the diagram symbolise the idea that each one of the forces reaches its extreme, it contains in itself the seed of the opposite. Life says Chuang Tzuis the blended harmony of the yin and the yang. Taoism permeates the economic and social lives of the Chinese through geomancy, qigong, Chinese medicine and idol worship. As Chan observes:Almost every hotel, office and commercial building that has gone up within the last decade adheres to certain principles of geomancy or Fengshui ? the art and science of harmonising man and nature. 4. Idealism and Pragmatism. The Western idea of democracy does not fit into the Eastern scheme of things easily. In an interview by the Daily Telegraph on 16 October 1989 the former Prime Minister remarked that: I think in a mainly Chinese electorate, the idea of a loyal opposition and an alternative government does not come easily. Youre either for or against the government. The Confucianistic idea of social hierarchy where a persons existence is relational, extending from his family, society and country. The pragmatism of the East is exemplied in the way Confucianism has been used to emphasize order through social hierarchy and the rules and conventions. Taoism provided the meaning of life and thus compliment Confucianism. Confucius preached the doctrine of the here and now. The emphasis is one of life and life and not life and death. The sage hoped to hear the right way in the morning, and die in the evening without regret. What lays the foundation of life for the Chinese is the family and the continuation of the family also means the passing on of experience, culture and thought. The Taoists has an equal view of life and death seeing life and death as the coming out and going back of a human form of existence. Chuang Tsu talks of coming and going . Lao Tzu said,out to life, in to death. The crux of the matter is to make the best of the present.

A Guide To New Zealand Vacations

A Guide To New Zealand Vacations New Zealand is a country situated in the southern hemisphere close to Australia. New Zealand is basically made up of two islands. One is the North Island and the other South island. There are many smaller islands that are a part of the country. It enjoys a temperate climate due to which there is a variety of flora and fauna. Europeans barring a minority of Maoris mainly inhabit it. Its favorable climate has made New Zealand a destination of choice to people across the world. It is accessible to Europe and America by air. Many tourists travel here during vacations and various airlines offer competitive rates to travelers. Flights operate from major cities in New Zealand and are well connected with major cities of the world such as London, New York and Tokyo. These flights offer economy class and executive class bookings that suit the budget of various travelers. Some of the airlines offer special packages for vacations. These packages may include a free hotel booking at the destination for a specific period. They may also offer discounts on group bookings. There are some airlines that offer cash back facility if bookings are done through a credit card. Online bookings are usually granted a good discount. Many of the airlines guarantee lowest prices. If travelers find something cheaper, the fare is refunded by some airlines as a policy decision. The flight itinerary can be planned and booking for all the places can be made at the starting station. Another additional feature that includes the fare is travel insurance. Such Insurance schemes may cover cancellations at last moment due to unforeseen events. Accident and baggage loss are some other insurance covers offered by airlines. Long haul flights offer bookings without service fees. The flexibility of return dates and economic costs are major attractions of booking long haul flights for both domestic and international travel. Information about airfares of major airlines is easily available on the Internet. A tourist can make vacations cost effective and affordable by researching this information. New Zealand Vacation Costs New Zealand is often termed as a country of Gods. There is dramatic variation in the terrain of New Zealand. It ranges from geyser to glaciers, from rainforests to meadows. The range in variety in a limited area is the cause for many tourists to opt for New Zealand as tourist destination. Vacations to New Zealand can be planned at costs affordable to the travelerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s budget. The cost depends upon the travel destination and mode of transport. The first step of vacation is finding cost effective airfares. The duration of stay at particular destinations calls for hotel bookings. New Zealand offers accommodation at affordable cost. Travelers can opt for package tours that arrange for all travel and hotel bookings. Some of these include meals in their costs. This effectively reduces costs and the effort to find appropriate restaurants. Flexibility pass is offered to package tour travelers. This helps the tourist to break off at a required destination from the main tour and rejoin at a later stage. For the elite traveler there is an option to avail of exclusive services. Cars of choice can be arranged through the travel desk of the resort for sightseeing. This comes with an extra cost. Executive rooms or suites can be obtained with panoramic view of beaches or mountains. Specialized services such as usage of spa or pool are also a part of service for customized travel. Sight seeing tour operators mostly arrange sightseeing tours. Some of the tour operators arrange accommodation in tents. They have trailers that cater to food and luggage locker facilities. These tours are extremely popular for experiencing wilderness. Cycles or mopeds can be rented for traveling to nearby places. These tours include canoeing for free and serenity of lakes can be experienced at no extra costs. Costs of these vacations can be ascertained by logging on to the net. Various websites provide information on travel and tour options. A combination of best service with reasonable costs can be obtained through a little research. Planning Your New Zealand Vacation New Zealand is a land of contrasting terrain and weather in a compact area. This is the feature that helps the traveler to experience varied ecological terrain without having to travel long distances. The diversity in wildlife has helped New Zealand carve a niche in the tourism world market. New Zealand offers a variety of tours and packages to travelers. Tour operators can help in planning a vacation tailor made to suit the requirement of tourists. There are coach tours and independent tours that provide adventure and sight seeing tours. The offers vary from budget hotel accommodation to boutique hotels. Camper vans give a different experience to tourists. Options on the mode of transport used during the tours can decide the cost of the tour. It is recommended that accommodation bookings be made well in advance to avoid last minute disasters. Many tour operators provide information about the rich natural beauty of New Zealand that may help in planning the tour. The options may range from going on adventure tours, wildlife encounter tours to cultural tours. If traveling from a foreign country, the documents required for travel such as passports and visas need to be carried along throughout the travel. It is advisable that tourists, who are under medication, take details of medical care and medical formulas of prescribed medicines before starting on the trip. The kind of clothing to be carried will depend on the weather of the choice of destination. Information about the temperature and weather of a particular place can be obtained from websites of resorts or hotels. Standard itineraries are a safer option for travelers who do not want to take a risk during their vacation. In this way, tourists may find it easier to plan their holiday tours that cater for their budget. Additionally, they would also know exactly what to expect from the trip. A well-planned holiday to New Zealand can be an enjoyable experience. A Guide to New Zealand Vacations Tourists all round the world increasingly favor vacations to New Zealand. This country is known for its ecological diversity and for its varying climatic conditions across the country. Most places have sunny weather throughout the year. It would be beneficial to take suggestions from a professional travel planner if going on vacation to New Zealand, especially from a foreign country. Information can also be sourced online. It is important to know about the place and its history before planning a vacation. There are many websites that provide information about the history, wild life parks and natural beauty of New Zealand. Travelers are also informed about the time zones and exact season to visit these places. It also enlightens travelers about its origin and cultural heritage. Most of the web sites also provide information that may help tourists to plan their program. New Zealand offers a choice of tourist spots and tours. Glaciers with skiing grounds, geysers with hot springs can be visited in a short span of travel time. A choice can be made between a wide variety of tours involving camping, visit to nature parks, adventure tours, wildlife sightseeing or cultural tours. Every country has a set of regulations for foreign travelers. Information about formal documents such as passport and visas are necessary to avoid legal implications. Information about exchange rate of currency will help in planning expenditure. Places that offer currency exchange are also indicated on websites. Medical and emergency facilities that are offered to the tourists can also be known from websites or travel planners. Information about accommodation and their availability is also available with agents. Cost effective airfares and the airlines offering them can be accessed online. Many places in New Zealand have accommodation guides to help first time travelers. Additionally, maps and travel routes can be used while planning a trip to New Zealand.

Comparing Sexuality in Greys Riders of the Purple Sage and Doctorows

Sexuality of the Frontierswoman in Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage and Doctorow's Welcome to Hard Times The presentation of femininity in Doctorow's Welcome to Hard Times is a strong departure from the heroine of Zane Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage. Through the metaphor of the gun as the embodiment of masculinity, both authors closely examine the complexities of the sexualized relationship of a frontierswoman to the men of her society. Doctorow mirrors the tensions present in Grey's novel though Molly acts as an extraordinarily different vision of what the West required of a woman than Jane Withersteen. Both novels reach a sexual climax as the heroine engages the men of her society in a violent action of blood and birth. Though it is a more desolate and harsh portrayal of a woman's station, Doctorow places Molly in a similar situation as the victim of her society to the more traditional Riders of the Purple Sage. While Jane Withersteen is certainly not subjected to violence in the same way that the Bad Man from Bodie raped, beat and nearly killed Molly, Jane is still victimized by her community. Doctorow's portrayal of the conflict is abstracted in ways that Grey's is not. In choosing to call Turner "The Bad Man from Bodie" for the majority of the novel, Doctorow makes him more an abstract notion of violence rather than the more human figure of jealousy Mormon Elder, Tull. However, in spite of the abstractness in Doctorow's characterization, Jane is presented as an outsider in her community and is offered up as a sacrifice to the peace, much in the same way that Blue exhorts Molly to reenter Avery's saloon. From this communal point of victimization, however, Doctorow departs from the gender conventions es... ... Pass. The falling rubble acts as the hymen restored, preserving Jane and Lassiter and Fay inside the womb, inside Eden. Thus, both novels examine the highly sexual tensions between the predominate female figures and the idea of masculinity as encapsulated by the gun, or more abstractly a weapon. Doctorow, though the tensions parallel Grey's, counters the older work on nearly every point, finally culminating in a recognition of the horror that frontier society creates. Much like the action of his novel, Grey retreats into a more idyllic vision of the West. However, he does admit the complexity of the gendered roles in the Western, though not to the extent that Doctorow casts the action in an Oedipal drama. Works Cited Doctorow, E. L. Welcome to Hard Times. New York: Penguin, 1998. Grey, Zane. Riders of the Purple Sage. New York: Penguin, 1990.

Free Awakening Essays: The Parrot :: Chopin Awakening Essays

The Importance of the Parrot in The Awakening "Go away! Go away! For heaven’s sake! That’s all right!" (1) Chopin opens her poetic novella, The Awakening, not with the dialogue of a character, but with the ramblings of a brash parrot. Immediately, Chopin compels her readers to ponder what significance, if any, these seemingly random words will have in the following tale. Yet, it is not until the final pages that we recognize the bird’s true importance and meaning. The parrot, though seldom referred to within the text, comes to symbolize Edna’s role in society and the woman she becomes as she is spiritually awakened. At first impression the parrot’s bold demeanor creates an image of eccentricity. His spirited exclamations give him an air of impertinence, defiance, and intelligence that one would not expect of such a bird. Chopin portrays Edna in the same light, showing that perhaps as the parrot may deviate from the norm, so does Edna, who digresses from the society in which she lives. She does not conform to the image of a typical woman in society, playing the roles of a devoted mother and wife. Edna ignores these standards by engaging in two extra-marital affairs and by placing her own life before those of her children. Her desire to live as she pleases lies in direct opposition to the duties she is expected to perform, and she refuses to put on this performance to satisfy society. As a result, Edna seems as brazen and audacious as the parrot that obviously does not mimic the sounds he hears and instead seems to create his own. Again squawking, "Go away! Go away!" at the bothersome piano playing of two girls, Chopin writes, "He was the only being present who possessed sufficient candor to admit that he was not listening to these gracious performances for the first time that summer." (23) Edna shows similar candor in her unwillingness to accept society’s burdening stereotypes. The seemingly intelligent bird "could speak a little Spanish, and also a language which nobody understood..." (1) Though the parrot’s remarks appear to fall on deaf ears, Edna is one who can identify with his presumable wisdom, as her existence too is misjudged. Both Edna and the parrot are depicted as extraordinary and misunderstood in their surroundings, yet they are not free:as the parrot must exist in a cage, so Edna is caged by the restrictions society places upon her.

Decreasing Charge Method Essay

Companies have a choice among the many methods available with which to allocate the cost of fixed assets they have acquired. One of type of these methods is the decreasing charge methods consisting of sum-of-the-years’-digits and declining-balance method (author 525). Under these methods, the company allocates a higher portion of the cost of the asset in its earlier years than in later ones. Because of the higher cost allocation in the earlier year these methods are also called the accelerated method (526). Sum-of-the-years’-digits The name of this method is very descriptive of the formula used to compute depreciation cost. As one of the accelerated methods to allocate cost, sum-of-the-years’-digits allocates a higher depreciation cost in the early life of the asset, with the depreciation cost decreasing every year (527). The first part of computing the depreciation cost under this method is to determine the depreciable cost of the asset, which is computed by deducting the salvage value from the acquisition cost. The depreciable cost is multiplied by the rate of the depreciation for the year to arrive at the depreciation cost for the year. To compute for the rate of depreciation for the year, the years of the estimated life of the asset are added. This serves as the denominator. To illustrate: an asset with a useful life of three year will use a denominator of six computed as (3+2+1). The numerator is the estimated life of the asset at the beginning of the year. To illustrate: the rate of depreciation to be used on the asset above on its second year of use is 2/6 or 1/3. This method of computing depreciation is characterized by a rate of depreciation that changes every year. At the end of the useful life of the asset, the remaining balance of the asset will be its salvage value. (527) Computing for the sum of the years for an asset with a very high estimated life can be time-consuming. Mathematicians came out with a formula to speed up the process. The formula is expressed as: n(n+1) all over 2, with n as the estimated life of the asset. (527) Declining-balance Method The declining-balance method, on the other hand, uses a constant rate in computing the depreciation cost for the year. The rate is usually a multiple of the straight-line method. (527) To illustrate: an asset with an estimated useful life of five years is depreciated at the rate of 20% under the straight-line method and at the rate of 40% under the declining-balance method. The rates used by the companies vary from industry to industry and from asset to asset (527). Unlike the sum-of-the-years’-digits, the declining balance method do not deduct the salvage value of the asset when computing for the depreciation cost. Instead, the book value of the asset is multiplied by the rate of depreciation to arrive at the allocated cost for the year, and the process is repeated every year until such time that the book value of the asset is equal to the salvage value. The depreciation cost of the asset declines every year under this method because the book value is decreased every year by the depreciation cost. (527)

The Role of Women in Society

The Internet is a global information system. Nowadays, the internet is popular everywhere in the world. The Internet provides many useful utilities for users but besides that it also has negative. I will analysis advantages and disadvantages of Internet specifically. The first, the Internet is a big store of information. Any kind of information on any topic is available on the Internet. You can find it by the most popular search engines. Beside, you can share information with other people around the world. Secondly, the Internet connects many people all over the world. And it easier to stay in touch with your friends by chatting, e-mail messages, forum†¦. Stay up date with happening in the whole world and the new technology and information. You can get latest news of the world on the Internet. Another benefit, there are many services on internet, especially entertainment. You can watch online movies, listen to music on websites or play online games†¦Besides, there are also disadvantages. Children can connect to these websites that are for adult only. They can see the information which is not good. This is serious problem. Another problem is the wastage of times. Some people waste a lot of time in chatting or to play games. At home and offices, many people use Internet without any positive purpose. In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, Depend on you, it will be the advantages or disadvantage. You should balance study and play. 3. In Viet Nam, the number of death by traffic accident is considered as large as the number of death by plague. There's about more than 30 people die everyday. With the traffic conditions in Vietnam, accident is object to happen. The roads are too narrow to travel easily. Moreover, many pot-holes can appear everywhere to threaten the goers. To solve this problem, we only have one way, it's improving the road. Whenever the roads are repaired, the traffic is more dangerous with the unfinished structures. People still travel on the repairing roads, and the roads are more and more narrow. We also can build the tunnels but it is very costly. Viet Nam has to borrow money from other countries and no one knows when the government can pay it back. In addition, the tense of Vietnamese people is poor. The roads in the cities are choked with so many vehicles such as motorbikes, bicycles, taxies, buses, cyclos and pedestrians because people do not follow the laws well. They even don't obey the traffic lights or signs. Now, the government gives many new strict laws to improve the present posture. The traffic is better and better day by day. In conclusion, with many measures now, the traffic in Viet Nam will be good one day. Despite the poor conditions Viet Nam can solve this problem themselves by the development of economic.

Pilgrimage Toward Social Equality

The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 declaring African’s freedom from slavery and officially making them part of the United States was mandated a century prior to Martin Luther King Jr’s historical speech calling for social justice and abolition of racial discrimination against African Americans. Between the two historical periods, the black communities all over America have suffered subtle and savage forms of discrimination and oppression from the whites. The black community strived to seal their place in society amidst hostility and negative criticisms.One short story that very well illustrates their struggles is Ralph Ellison’s Battle Royal. The story provides a very descriptive narration of a black man’s pilgrimage to overcome oppression from an overly-racist community ruled by the economically-powerful white men and to find his opportunity to shape the destiny of his people. This paper aims to provide a vivid presentation of inhumane and savage oppre ssion that the African Americans encountered in Southern America before gaining their voice and place in American society.Battle Royal was narrated in a first-person perspective with a nameless narrator. He suggests that twenty years back, he has been struggling to find his own identity through other people’s acceptance and affirmation. He further explained that his dilemma for self discovery rooted from his grandfather’s last words on his deathbed, â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ‘em, with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death and destruction. Let ‘em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open.† (Ellison, 2000, p 935) He calls his grandfather’s lines a â€Å"curse† haunting him whenever he feels accepted as the narrator describes, â€Å"When I was praised for my conduct, I felt a guilt that in some way, I was doing something that was really against the wishes of the white folks, that if they had understood they would have desired me to act just the opposite, that I should have been sulky and mean, and that they really would have been what they wanted, even though they were fooled and thought they wanted me to act as I did.†(Ellison, 936) The narrator’s statement represents his mindset of his actions and attitude toward the white folks. His current partially confused mindset is influenced by his grandfather’s words. In layman’s term, his grandfather’s words can be translated to a call to action to fight a good fight by acting according to the opponent’s will until they take you all in with acceptance until they destruct themselves in their own volition.One such incident where the orator became accepted and triumphant is when he delivered a graduation speech, which he describes by saying, â€Å"On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the ver y essence of progress. (Not that I believed this — how could I, remembering my grandfather? — I only believed that it worked)† (Ellison 938). His speech received accolades from his professors that he was given the opportunity to deliver it again in a â€Å"gathering of the town’s most leading white citizens†.When he arrived at the venue where he was supposed to deliver his speech, he was informed that before delivering his speech, he needs to join the Battle Royal. The hotel he’s in at that moment was indeed full of economically powerful people all dressed up with their tuxedos, intoxicating themselves with whiskey, and getting themselves a good spot among the chairs neatly lined up along the three corners of the ring. Inside the ring, a pool of black men were lined up blindfolded and were forced to do engage in a violent boxing war against each other.After torturous moments of fighting like headless chickens on the ring, the narrator was abl e to see slightly behind his blindfold. His awareness enabled him to keep a good fight without drawing attention to himself so the white men wouldn’t notice that he’s starting to dodge his hits. In the end of the first round, the narrator remained on the ring together with the biggest boy in the group to fight. While they were fighting it out on the ring, the narrator tried to negotiate with his opponent by scripting the fight and he’ll give him a proportion of the winning pot.His opponent refused and they continued to fight until the narrator was knocked out. Allegorically, the narrator’s unexpected battle before delivering his speech is a symbolic representation of the African American’s years of pains and struggles before they were given the chance to be heard. The battle royal may well represent the fights that black men wage against each other just to gain money, position, and prominence, as is the case of the narrator’s opponent.The co ncept of the fighters blindfolded can be allusion to some of the black men’s blindness of allowing the economically powerful white men to use them as a means of entertainment as if they were freaks of nature. After the first round, the fighters were then called out again for another round of activity where they were attracted to scourge over gold coins and bills scattered in a rug. They urged the fighters to gather the coins for themselves saying it’s all good â€Å"American cash†. In the process, they soon discovered that the rug was electrified.This narration emphasized the white men’s racism through barbaric treatment to the black men, as they treat them like animals. When the show ended, all the participants were paid and the narrator was about to leave the nightmare when the MC called him back to deliver his speech in the congregation of intoxicated people who have earlier gained pleasure through his pains. The narrator proceeded to deliver his Booke r T. Washington inspired speech while trying to conceal his aching physique while gulping down his blood.The narrator described that his audience continued with their incessant chatting and laughter as he delivers his speech and though he was tempted to do something else, the presence of the school superintendent who is still closely listening to him kept him going. In the process of his oration and swallowing his own blood, the narrator accidentally yelled â€Å"social equality†, a phrase had â€Å"often seen denounced in newspaper editorials, heard debated in public. † (Ellison, 940)Upon uttering the word, a deep silenced covered the whole room and the narrator received hostile reactions from his intoxicated audience, until a mustached man asked him upfront what he just said, and he got the chance to correct himself. The interrogator then asked him if he’s not being smart and that social equality was indeed a mistake. The narrator nodded and the man dropped th is statement, â€Å"We mean to do right by you, but you’ve got to know your place at all times. † (Ellison, 944)This man’s powerful statement is a general representation of the white men’s attitude towards racism over the negroes. They are aware of such discrimination, but they gain pleasure in treating them as inferior human beings as it constantly feeds them the feeling of superiority and power. The man’s statement may mean well as to change the narrator’s current status but he commands him to keep his head and mouth in its’ proper place. Upon the end of his speech, he was greeted with applauses as if the entire audience listened with so much enthusiasm to his speech.The school superintendent then came up to the stage to present him with a gift- a scholarship to the State College of Negroes. He then turned to the narrator and addressed him, â€Å"Prize it. Keep developing as you are and someday, it will be filled with important pap ers that will help shape the destiny of your people. † (Ellison, 947) The scholarship the narrator received is a symbol of an opportunity presented to him to â€Å"shape the destiny of his people†. That by going to college, he might become more knowledgeable and able so as to create a better society for his people.The scholarship becomes the first step to his pilgrimage towards social equality. Battle Royal is a very compelling short story that Ralph Ellison eventually made it the first chapter of his greatly-acclaimed novel, the â€Å"Invisible Man†. Every black man in that horrifying period might have been represented by the nameless narrator and all the pain he was inflicted during the Battle Royal is a representation of every black man’s pain and struggle for years.If the readers at that period view it as an allegory to the harsh conditions of the African American people within the American society, it would have been a wakeup call to those who were op pressed to unite and to those oppressors to change the society. References: Ellison, Ralph. â€Å"Battle Royal. † Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2000. Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Invisible Man. New York: Random House, 1952.

Skin Cancer

It mostly found in Caucasians and is usually found on fair-skinned people. It may appear as nodules, or as red spots, scaly patches on the skin. This topic is very crucial, for all of you today, because you or someone you care about may be suffering from skin cancer. CREDIBILITY:Ever since my ex-boyfriend suffered from skin cancer, this topic has caused me great concern. Therefore, I have researched this cancer extensively. PREVIEW: I. I will discuss the problem with not protecting yourself from skin cancer. II.I will also discuss a plan to protect yourself from skin cancer. III. I will discuss the benefits of my plan. BODY I. THE PROBLEM OF NOT PROTECTING YOURSELF FROM SKIN CANCER (According to http://www. skincancer. org) A. Skin Cancer is a disorder that can creep up on you slowly. 1. Showing itself as a malformed and multicolored growth. B. It will tend to burn or freckle your skin causing pain in people with fair skin. C. Going out into the sun, when temperature is high, will ca use your skin to burn from direct exposure to the sun. 1.You will have a greater chance of getting Skin Cancer. D. When not taking the proper precautions to prevent Skin Cancer, you will be exposing yourself to UVA and UVB sun rays. 1. By not protecting your body from this exposure will and can cause you a great bodily harm. TRANSITIONNow that I have shared with you problems with not protecting yourself from skin cancer, I will now share with you a plan preventing it. II. A PLAN TO PREVENT SKIN CANCER: (According to W. John Diamond & W. Lee Cowden’s book and http://www. ebmd. com) A. We need to avoid the time of the day between 10 a. m. and 4:00 p. m. (when the sun is at its brightest). B. We need to wear protective clothing that covers our body and a hat to protect our head. C. We need to use a sunscreen with 15 SPF to 45 SPF and protect ourselves against both UVA and UVB sun rays. D. Lastly, we need to check our skin regularly. At our yearly checkup, we should have the doct or do an exam on our skin as well. 1. We need to check for any discolorations or growths developing on our skin.TRANSITIONNow that I have shared with you a plan to prevent Skin Cancer, I will share with you the benefits. III. BENEFITS OF PREVENTING SKIN CANCER: (According to Tracie Egan’s book â€Å"Skin Cancer†): A. Preventing Skin Cancer can help you avoid the necessary treatments, Such as Surgery and Medications which are painful and hard on the body. 1. Biopsies of the skin, surgeries to remove and/or chemical treatments (such as Chemotherapy) to slow down the development of cancerous cells. B.Most importantly, taking the precautions to prevent Skin Cancer will help you avoid death associated with the disease. It will not cost anything but time to prevent yourself from getting the disease. CONCLUSION, SUMMARY:In conclusion, I have shared with you the problems of not protecting yourself, a plan of action and the benefits of preventing skin cancer. I highly recommend that you take the precautions, I have described, in order to prevent Skin Cancer from taking control or your life. These precautions do not guarantee that you will not get Skin Cancer, but they will reduce your chances immensely.BIBLIOGRAPHY Egan, Tracie (2006) Skin Cancer: Current and Emerging Trends in Detection and Treatment, Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. , ISBN# 1-4042-0390-7, 64 pages (hardback) Hanly, C. (1995, July) Worldly Lessons On Skin Cancer, Publisher: The Center of Education, Skin Cancer, ISBN#1-855345-26-8, 400 pages (hardback) The American Cancer Society (2000) American Cancer Society’s Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Methods, Publisher: The American Cancer Society, ISBN# 0-944235-24-9, 438 pages (paperback) Kaufman, Howard L. 2005) The Melanoma Book : A Complete Guide to Prevention and Treatment, Including the Early Detection Self-Exam Body Map, Publisher: Gotham Books; The Penguin Group (USA) Inc. , ISBN# 1592401260, 352 pages (p aperback) Diamond, W. John & Cowden, W. Lee, M. D. s (with Burton Goldberg) (2000) Cancer Diagnosis: What to Do Next, Publisher: AlternativeMedicine. com, ISBN# 1-887299-40-8, 360pages (paperback) Robertson, M. (1998, March 8) Skin Cancer: Learn to Protect Yourself with the Following Treatments, Publisher: USA Today Magazine, 125 (2168-22-25. http://www. skincancer. org http://www. webmd. com [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]

Betty White

Her career started in the early 1940s with a modeling job. She also worked on a few radio shows including Blondie, The Great Gildersleeve, and This Is Your FBI and later, her own radio program name, The Betty White Show. In 1949 she debuted on television when she appeared with Al Jarvis on Hollywood on Television, she later hosted it on her own when Jarvis left. From 1952 to about 1977 she appeared on several television shows including Life With Elizabeth, Date With the Angels, Password, What’s My Line? , To Tell the Truth, I’ve Got A Secret, Match Game, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Pyramid. In 1977 she was given her own sitcom on CBS called The Betty White Show. (Not to be confused with her radio show with the same name. ) In 1987 she scored her second signature role of the St. Olaf, MN – native Rose Nylund, on The Golden Girls. The show was centered on four divorced or widowed women in their ‘Golden years’ that share a home in Miami. Although Betty has no children, she has been married three times. The first in 1945 to Dick Barker, a US Army Air Corps Pilot. This marriage was short-lived, only one year. The second to Lane Allen, a Hollywood agent, which only lasted two years also ending in divorce. On June 14, 1963 she married television host and personality, Allen Ludden. He proposed to Betty at least twice be fore she accepted. Allen died of stomach cancer on June 9, 1981. She hasn’t remarried since his death. Betty has won six Emmy Awards, three American Comedy Awards (including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1990. ), and two Viewer’s For Quality Television Awards. She was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On January 23, 2010 at the Screen Actor’s Gild Awards, she was awarded, by Sandra Bullock, the Life Achievement Award. She is also a pet enthusiast and animal health advocate who works with a number of animal organization such as the Los Angeles Zoo Commission, the Morris Animal Foundation, and Actors Others for Animals. Betty is the president of the Morris Animal Foundation where she has served as a trustee of the organization since 1971. And she donated $100,000 to the Los Angeles Zoo in April 2008 alone. She was also just on Saturday Night Live over the weekend, and it was hilarious! I was laughing so hard.. So, having said all that. I’d say she is the coolest eighty-eight year old you could probabaly ever get a chance to meet. I hope she lives forever! Betty White Her career started in the early 1940s with a modeling job. She also worked on a few radio shows including Blondie, The Great Gildersleeve, and This Is Your FBI and later, her own radio program name, The Betty White Show. In 1949 she debuted on television when she appeared with Al Jarvis on Hollywood on Television, she later hosted it on her own when Jarvis left. From 1952 to about 1977 she appeared on several television shows including Life With Elizabeth, Date With the Angels, Password, What’s My Line? , To Tell the Truth, I’ve Got A Secret, Match Game, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Pyramid. In 1977 she was given her own sitcom on CBS called The Betty White Show. (Not to be confused with her radio show with the same name. ) In 1987 she scored her second signature role of the St. Olaf, MN – native Rose Nylund, on The Golden Girls. The show was centered on four divorced or widowed women in their ‘Golden years’ that share a home in Miami. Although Betty has no children, she has been married three times. The first in 1945 to Dick Barker, a US Army Air Corps Pilot. This marriage was short-lived, only one year. The second to Lane Allen, a Hollywood agent, which only lasted two years also ending in divorce. On June 14, 1963 she married television host and personality, Allen Ludden. He proposed to Betty at least twice be fore she accepted. Allen died of stomach cancer on June 9, 1981. She hasn’t remarried since his death. Betty has won six Emmy Awards, three American Comedy Awards (including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1990. ), and two Viewer’s For Quality Television Awards. She was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On January 23, 2010 at the Screen Actor’s Gild Awards, she was awarded, by Sandra Bullock, the Life Achievement Award. She is also a pet enthusiast and animal health advocate who works with a number of animal organization such as the Los Angeles Zoo Commission, the Morris Animal Foundation, and Actors Others for Animals. Betty is the president of the Morris Animal Foundation where she has served as a trustee of the organization since 1971. And she donated $100,000 to the Los Angeles Zoo in April 2008 alone. She was also just on Saturday Night Live over the weekend, and it was hilarious! I was laughing so hard.. So, having said all that. I’d say she is the coolest eighty-eight year old you could probabaly ever get a chance to meet. I hope she lives forever!

Batman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Batman - Research Paper Example He is a protagonist with enough drawbacks to be worthy enough of a common man. In fact it is this faulty nature that makes him adorable and identifiable with every person who likes the character. Although batman has changed multiple times since his creation, he still manages to maintain his anti-hero status every time. Batman was created way back in 1939 immediately after the success of the Superman. Bob Kane and Bill Finger created the character originally. There are several villains to give him a tough time starting from his arch rival Joker to Penguin, Ra's al Ghul, Scarecrow and Riddler. He is the only superhero to fight a league of women super villains like Poison Ivy, Catwomen, Talia al Ghul etc. Batman lives under the identity of millionaire Bruce Wayne in the fictional Gotham city. He is a playboy millionaire, making several mistakes and wasting one chance after another in his life. His only respite lies in doing something good for the world. Batman’s goodness prevents him from killing the evil people. He rather aims in destroying just the evil in them. This makes him take the blame for several murders, lose his beloved ones and render him helpless when his close friends are in bizarre need. And the worst part is he is forced to change his ways against his will in killing or harming the villains, when it is too late. Each series of Batman which emerged over the past century highlighted his ethical dilemmas, late decisions and faulty personality establishing him strongly as an antihero. Joker and the Batman Joker is a petty thief set up to get shot by his own boss for having an affair with his mistress. Batman tries to save him from death and handover him to the hands of the law. But, he is dropped into a chemical factory by accident which turns him into an ugly psychopath resembling a joker with white skin and green hair. He blames Batman for his ill fate and becomes his main rival. Batman himself has a personal revenge with him, as Joker had mur dered his parents in front of his eyes when he was a child. The incident inspired him to take an oath on his parent’s grave stating he will always fight to establish justice in Gotham city. Batman only tries to disarm Joker in several instances in spite of his personal vengeance. But each time, he manages to cause more harm than good. He paralyses batman’s friend, kills Rachel, transforms Dent into a villain and goes on unstoppable. He forces Batman to the verge of killing him each time, but escapes in the end (Robert, 2008). Batman on the other hand fears there will not be any difference between him and Joker if he completely killed him. Batman fears he does not have the right to kill or harm anyone, but can only defend the helpless. Joker character is the complete opposite of Batman. He derives pleasure in harming people. He simply cannot live without inflicting some sort of pain to others. As he himself says in the movie â€Å"you won't kill me out of some misplace d sense of self-righteousness. And I won't kill you because you're just too much fun. I think you and I are destined to do this forever†. The relationship between Batman and the Joker is similar to that of day and night. One cannot exist without another. It takes a Joker to keep Batman from getting depressed with helplessness and guilt. It takes a Batman for Joker to keep him in line. Though Joker is considered as the prominent villain of the Batman series he is looked upon as the extreme

Sequential Injuries and Timing of Injuries Assignment

Sequential Injuries and Timing of Injuries - Assignment Example The body is photographically documented. Evaluation of the injury is carefully traced. In the case of injury in vagina, sexual activity kit is needed (Rutty, 2007). X-rays are done on the injuries in order to identify the existence of remained weapons or portions of weapons. An X-ray on the chest can be done to assess the possible air embolism. After taking x-rays and collecting suitable trace evidence, the body is washed so that the documentation of photography and injuries can take place (Rutty, 2007). For example, sharp force injuries are classified as incised wounds, stab wounds or chop wounds and blunt force injuries produce lacerations. The types of the victims who are categorized with sequential injuries are those subjected to any type of trauma. There are several categories of traumatic deaths classified as mechanical, chemical, electrical or thermal. Mechanical trauma when a force is exerted on a tissue such as bone or skin. Sharp and blunt force injuries are classified in t his category. Chemical trauma refers to destruction and death resulting from the chemical interactions with the person’s body. Thermal trauma results from hyperthermia and hypothermia. Electrical trauma results from electric shocks. Clear photograph of the injury is taken to estimate the wound at perpendicular to the injury with a suitable scale. It is essential in case microscopic findings contradict with the expected era of the injury. Subsequently, specimen tissues of the wound can be taken from the wound edges or the entire injury excised for more processing (Rutty, 2007). If a large skin surfaces are involved or some parts of the injured tissue are not required to be represented in wound estimation, then the representative samples are supposed to be potted for the rest of the wound if the entire wound was not microscopically analyzed. Samples are put four percent formalin and processed for regular histological analysis namely Estastica van Gieson (EvG),

I am a nurse nursing students learn the art and science of nursing Article

I am a nurse nursing students learn the art and science of nursing - Article Example The meaning of experience came through in five themes that were threads throughout the responses from the students (Idczak, 2007). The first was fear of interacting with patients in which nursing students talked about how they felt about their first interactions with patients. Those feelings included fear, anxiety, nervousness, and lack of confidence. They did not have the confidence in how they might respond to feel comfortable. They found that they were afraid to ask RN's on the floor and so they were dealing with these feelings alone. Developing confidence was a second issue in which nursing students felt insecure, however, most of them felt that if they performed skills well that their level of confidence improved rapidly and that this confidence then helped with their interactions with patients. Becoming aware of oneself was felt to be something that was needed in order to interact well with patients. These nursing students felt that they developed self awareness through : "reflecting on their thought, reflecting on an interaction with a patient, comparing their thoughts to the actions of another nurse, and seeing inner role conflict" (Idczak, 2007 pg. 69). Nursing students must connect their new found knowledge of the science of nursing with their need for the art of nursing and their ability to interact with patients.

Managerial Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Controls - Essay Example He should be relying more closely on empirical evidence instead on his personal opinion on the issue. 2) Does Rabobank Nederland have good control over the accounts managers its New York branch? Would you suggest any changes be made: (1) in the near future? (2) Over the next 5 years, assuming that the branch continues to grow? In the near future, Rabobank should always ensure to book good deals as it was part of its original components of the undertakings from the moment it started the whole wide operation. However, considering how Barr potentially considered credit risk management and would decide situation based on his personal opinion and not on empirical evidence, there should be potential changes to be made at Rabobank in the near future. Rabobank should further increase its control over the accounts managers situated in New York branch. However, assuming that the New York branch continues to grow in the next 5 years, Rabobank should ensure more enhancements rather than changes to be made and learn further on the skills attributed by the accounts managers for they must have been potentially good at what they are doing. As far as take over is concerned, a need to consider a control system is necessary, whether existing or new. However, in the case of AirTex and the take over of Frank and Ted, a new control system is necessary because the latter seemed to have great expectations not just on the entire company but to be specific this included the management and control system. Furthermore, there were other relevant and necessary factors that need to be included like culture. In the takeover, part of the concern of the new administration on management and control should include culture or the working environment. This part should not be overlooked as the new administration’s expectations should be aligned with the prevailing working

Interest Rates and the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interest Rates and the Economy - Essay Example Now, the ability to ascertain credit at reasonably favorable terms i.e. good interest rates is something that households and businesses alike, regardless of their area of participation, must do themselves without any outside party determining or even influencing the terms of the final agreement between the borrower and the lender. Now, the floor interest rates which are present in the world and especially in our country initiate the process of the full recovery of the economy, however, it is distinctly important to understand that an easygoing and overtly mundane or banal economic recoil makes market analyst ponder over the notion that whether interest rates happen to be a factor that is critical enough in size and important than it can actually steer an entire economy without assistance or fail. If we conduct a thorough historical analysis of the world economy since the turn of the century, we will notice that the current recession which is ravaging the global economy has been cause d by a number of reasons, all of whom have been aired and given enough attention over this period, however, a critical factor in the downfall of a dynamic and well performing global economy have been a string of interest rate augmentations in 1999 and 2000. Given the fact that increasing the interest rates could certainly put to an end the promise of a burgeoning economy which has the potential to expand and influence the global economic, then it is important to note that the opposite of the above statement must also be true and should be put forth as an completely independent notion which states that decreasing the interest rates of the country could certainly boost an ailing economy and provide it with the impetus that it requires to rebound its way towards recovery and re-establishment. This way of reasoning, however, is not completely fool proof and without any loopholes. The real analogy that can be used, or perhaps that should have been used in this case is that the difference between the two is pulling on a rope and pushing of the rope in the two cases which we have just explained earlier; here pushing the rope is the instance of lower the interest rate in order to jumpstart the economy and boost its performance during a period of regression or stagflation. The recovery of the economy in 2004 has moved onto such a mature stage at the point when the author was formulating his opinion on the said matter that actually empirically showing whether we can ascertain that decreased interest rates were the reason that first immunized the economy and then brought the economy back from the dead to life, all against a backdrop of a general contamination of the economic melancholy that was being experienced at the time Professor Larry Allen was formulating his piece on the correlation between interest rates and the revival of an economy. Theoretical framework: A lot has been said about the interest rates and the economy in general but we have not discussed the theory of this specific occurrence as yet. Here, we will try to

How does the therapeutic relationship help children to make sense of Essay

How does the therapeutic relationship help children to make sense of difficult life experiences - Essay Example To determine how play therapy could enable children to positively deal difficulties in life, the researcher will examine the importance of play therapy in different health care settings. Prior to the conclusion, the researcher will discuss some ways on how to maximize the use of play therapy when dealing with difficulties in life. Play Therapy – â€Å"a developmentally sensitive therapeutic modality that is used by well-trained play therapists to allow children to easily resolve their psychosocial difficulties in order to enable them to reach their optimal growth and development.† (Bratton et al., 2003) When designing the type of play suitable for each child, health care practitioners should consider the cognitive, physical and social development of the child. According to von Gontard & Lehmkuhl (2003), among the five new approaches to play therapy includes: (1) the Parent-Child interaction therapy; (2) the behavioral approaches such as the Cognitive-Behavioral play therapy; (3) therapies designed for preschool childrean such as the Filial therapy, developmental play therapy and thera-play; (4) developmental play therapy; (5) the focussed of play therapies for specific disorders; as well as and (6) family therapy. Selecting the type of play is necessary to effectively arouse the child’s interest in participating in the play therapy. Depending on the number of children as well as the child’s gender, cognitive, physical and social development, health care professionals may choose to implement either the use of Child-Centred Play Therapy (CCPT), Group Play Therapy, or a Non-Directive Play Therapy. (Ray, 2008; Jones, 2002) Even though further study is required, the study of Ray (2008) shows that the application of Child-Centred Play Therapy is more effective in terms of reducing the parent-child relationship stress among children with internal and external